Shenyang Huifeng Petrochemical Co., Ltd.

Nshuti bakiriya, Ushobora kuba wabonye ko "kugenzura kabiri gukoresha ingufu" biherutse kugira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, kandi itariki yo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe igomba gutinda. Byongeye kandi, Ibiro Bikuru bya Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije by’Ubushinwa byasohoye muri Nzeri "Uturere tw’ibanze mu 2021-2022 Gahunda yo kuvura ihumana ry’ikirere n’itumba ry’imvura (umushinga)," muri iki gihe cyizuba n’itumba, inganda zimwe na zimwe zizibandaho kuri, ubushobozi burashobora kugabanywa. Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zibi bibujijwe, turagusaba ko washyira ibicuruzwa byawe hakiri kare kugirango dushobore gutunganya umurongo wibyakozwe mbere kandi tumenye neza ko ibyo watumije bishobora gutangwa mugihe. Ibyifuzo byiza! Shenyang Huifeng Petrochemical Co., Ltd.

Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo murugo rwakuyeho firigo ya R22 mukubara Nk’uko amasezerano ya Montreal abivuga, firigo ya R22 yahagaritswe mu bihugu byateye imbere kandi irashobora gukorerwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ariko igihe cyo kuyikoresha no kuyikoresha ni 2030. Ku ya 26 Mutarama 2021, Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije yasohoye Itangazo ku itangwa ry’umusaruro wa 2021 w’umusaruro, imikoreshereze no gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bya Ozone (nyuma bikitwa Amatangazo). Dukurikije Itegeko rya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ryerekeye gukumira no kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere, Amabwiriza agenga imicungire y’ibintu byangiza urwego rwa Ozone n’izindi ngingo zibishinzwe, ibigo 20 bizatangwa hamwe na kota y’umusaruro wa toni 292.795 za hydrochlorofluorocarbone ( HCFC) mu 2021, hamwe na 46 bizatangwa hamwe na kota yo gukoresha toni 31.726 za hydrochlorofluorocarbone muri 2021. Ugereranije na 2020, igipimo cy'umusaruro wa hydrochlorofluorocarbone (HCFCS) harimo na HCFC-22 ntikizahinduka mu 2021, mu gihe igipimo cyo gukoresha kizagabanuka ku buryo bugaragara, bikarushaho gukuraho HCFCS mu nganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa. Igipimo cy’umusaruro wa HCFC kirimo (HCFC) kizatangwa kuri hCFC-141B, HCFC-142B, HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-124 na HCFC-133A. Muri byo, HCFC-141B ni agent ifuro ikoreshwa mu nganda zikonjesha no gushyushya amazi. Nkuko gahunda yo kubira ifuro mu nganda za firigo yazamuwe kugeza kuri HFC-245FA + cyclopentane ifuro, kandi ku ya 1 Mutarama 2019, inganda zishyushya amazi zabujije burundu ikoreshwa rya HCFC-141B. Hcfc-141b yakoreshejwe gake kandi mike mubikorwa byo murugo. Igiteranyo cy'umusaruro rusange wa hCFC-141B muri 2021 ni toni 50.878, ntigihinduka kuva 2020. Ugereranije na cota y’umusaruro wa HCFC-22, umubare rusange w’ikoreshwa rya hCFC-22 mu nganda zoguhumeka mu 2021 ni toni 31.726, igabanuka rya toni 3,489 kuva kuri toni 35.215 muri 2020. Ibi bifitanye isano rya bugufi na firigo ya firigo muri inganda zo mu rugo. Umugabane w’isoko rya HCFC-22 ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha mu nganda zo mu kirere byari hafi 20% muri 2019, kandi uyu mubare uzakomeza kugabanuka muri 2020. Inganda z’ubukonje bw’imbere mu Bushinwa zimaze kugera ku ntera ishimishije mu guhagarika HCFC-22. Ingamba zo gucunga icyiciro cya HCFC-22 mu nganda zikoresha mu kirere mu Bushinwa kuva mu 2021 kugeza mu wa 2026 zemejwe na Komite Nyobozi y’ikigega cy’ibihugu byinshi, kandi yiyemeje gukuraho 70% by’ibicuruzwa bya HCFC-22 bitarenze 2026, aribyo birarenze kubisabwa na gahunda ya Montreal Protocole kugirango ugere kuri hCFC-22 kugabanuka. Tuzatanga umusanzu munini mu Bushinwa gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Montreal.

N-hexane ni amazi atagira ibara afite uburozi buke numunuko udasanzwe. N. Ifite uburozi runaka kandi izinjira mu mubiri w'umuntu binyuze mu myanya y'ubuhumekero n'uruhu. Kumara igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byuburozi budakira nko kubabara umutwe, kuzunguruka, umunaniro, no kunanirwa mu ngingo, bishobora gutera gucika intege, guta ubwenge, kanseri ndetse n’urupfu. N-hexane ikoreshwa cyane nkigishishwa mu nganda mugutegura viscose kumpu zinkweto zinkweto, imizigo, Hexane Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo guhanagura no gukora isuku mugikorwa cyo gukora inganda zikoresha amakuru ya elegitoroniki, ndetse no kuvoma amavuta ya peteroli mu nganda zikora ibiribwa [1], kugarura imiti ya propylene mu nganda za plastiki, ibikoresho byo kuvoma mu bushakashatsi bwa shimi (nk'ubushakashatsi bwa fosgene) ), no gukoresha buri munsi. Hexane ikoreshwa kandi mu nganda nko gukuramo indabyo mu gukora imiti. Niba ikoreshejwe nabi, biroroshye gutera uburozi bwakazi

N-Heptane (izina ry'icyongereza n-Heptane) ni amazi adafite ibara, ahindagurika. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkigipimo cyo kumenya umubare wa octane, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa nka anesthetic, umusemburo, ibikoresho fatizo bya synthesis organique, no gutegura reagent yubushakashatsi. Heptane igomba Kubikwa mububiko bukonje, buhumeka. Irinde umuriro n'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bw'ikigega ntigomba kurenga 30 ° C. Komeza ikintu. bigomba kubikwa kure ya okiside, ntukabike hamwe. Ibikoresho biturika biturika kandi bihumeka bikoreshwa. Birabujijwe gukoresha ibikoresho bya mashini nibikoresho bikunda kugaragara. Ahantu ho guhunika hagomba kuba hafite ibikoresho byo kuvura byihutirwa nibikoresho bikwiye.

N-Pentane, imiti yimiti C 5 H 12 , umunyamuryango wa gatanu wa alkane. N-pentane ifite isomeri ebyiri: isopentane (ingingo itetse 28 ° C) na neopentane (ingingo ibira 10 ° C), ijambo "pentane" ubusanzwe ryerekeza kuri n-pentane, isomer yumurongo. Ikoreshwa rya pentane isanzwe 1. Ikoreshwa nk'umubyimba muto utetse, uruganda rukora ifuro rwa plastike, kandi rukoreshwa hamwe na methylbutane 2 nka lisansi yimodoka nindege, mugukora urubura rwubukorikori, anesthetic, muguhuza pentanol, isopentane, na bisa. 2. Ibipimo bya analyse ya chromatografique. Ikoreshwa nka anesthetic, solvent, cryogenic thermometero, no mugukora urubura rwubukorikori, pentanol, isopentane, nibindi nkibyo. 3. Kugirango hategurwe gaze isanzwe, gaze ya kalibrasi kandi nka molekile ya sikeri desorbent. 4. Ikoreshwa nkigisubizo, gazi chromatografi yerekana igisubizo hamwe na anesthetic. Ikoreshwa kandi muri synthesis ngengabihe no mu gukora za kirometero za kirometero. 5. Ikoreshwa nkigishishwa cyo gukora urubura rwubukorikori, anesthetic, no guhuza pentanol, isopentane, nibindi nkibyo.

Gukoresha cyane n-hexane N. Iterambere hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwa n-hexane Isoko nyamukuru rya n-hexane rikoreshwa mu nganda zikomoka ku mavuta y’ibimera, zingana na 60% by’amafaranga yose ya n-hexane. Ibyinshi mubisigaye bisigaye biri mubikorwa bya rubber na chimique. Nko mu myaka ya za 1960, ibihugu byateye imbere muburengerazuba nku Burayi na Amerika muri rusange byateje imbere "uburyo bwo gutobora" mu musaruro w’amavuta akomoka ku bimera. Usibye gukuramo peteroli ntoya, amavuta aribwa ku isi yakozwe n "uburyo bwo guhisha" yatwaye 95% ku isoko. Kugeza ubu, mu musaruro mpuzamahanga w’amavuta aribwa, n-hexane niyo nzira nyamukuru yo gutunganya amavuta yo kurya. Birumvikana ko umubare muto wibigo bya peteroli mubuyapani na koreya yepfo bikoresha isohexane nkigisubizo cyo gukuramo. Kuva mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, Ubushinwa bwatangiye guteza imbere cyane ikoreshwa rya n-hexane nk'umuti wo gukuramo amavuta y'ibimera. Ibiranga uburyo bwo kumena hexane: Urwego rwa distillation ya hexane ni rugufi, ibintu byangiza kandi byangiza bihindagurika neza, intungamubiri zamavuta yimboga ntizisenywa nubushyuhe bwinshi, umutekano wamavuta aribwa wongerewe imbaraga, hamwe no gukoresha ibishishwa bike, bike ibisigara, umusaruro mwinshi wa peteroli, byoroshye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi. Kugeza ubu, abashinwa baterwa inkunga n’abashoramari bo mu gihugu hamwe n’abashoramari hamwe n’ibigo byigenga bikomoka kuri peteroli biribwa ahanini bakoresha n-hexane nk'umuti wangiza. Izi sosiyete zitanga ibice birenga 90% byamavuta aribwa ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu. Gukoresha n-hexane nk'umusemburo ukomoka ku bimera bikomoka ku bimera ni ikintu gisabwa na leta ku nganda zitunganya amavuta aribwa ndetse n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, n-hexane yahindutse ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutunganya amavuta aribwa, ari nayo hexane yo murugo no mumahanga mumyaka yashize. Kurenza No 6 amavuta yumuti, butane nandi mashanyarazi yabaye ubwoko bwingenzi bwamavuta yimboga. Indi ngingo ni uko mu nganda zikuramo amavuta y’ibimera, n-hexane ifite uruhare rwihariye kandi rudasimburwa. N-hexane ifite izina rya "umwami wo gukuramo". Kugeza ubu, nta muti washoboye kurenga n-hexane mugukuramo.

N-hexane umusaruro Ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa bya hexane byo mumahanga bifashisha inzira ya molekuline ya sikororo ya adsorption, nka Richfielcd (Richfield) na Watson (Watson) muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, ukoresheje raffinate yongeye gushyirwaho nkibikoresho fatizo, mugutunganya ibitanda bibiri cyangwa byinshi kugirango adsorption. Kanda desorption kugirango ubyare n-hexane. Abenshi mu bakora uruganda rwa hexane bakoresha inzira ya hydrogenation distillation, igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: Ubwa mbere, hydrogenation hanyuma ikosorwe. Bizwi kandi nka pre-hydrogenation, ibikoresho fatizo bishyushya no guhanahana ubushyuhe, bigera ku bushyuhe bwa reaction, byinjira muri reaction ya hydrogenation, desulfurizasiya na dearomatisation reaction yakozwe na catalizator, amavuta ya solide hamwe nuruvange rwa hydrogène byinjira mukigega cyo gutandukana kugirango gitandukane , hydrogène isubirana, amavuta ya solvent muminara yo gucamo Kata mubicuruzwa byarangiye. Muri rusange, nyuma ya hydrogenation yibikoresho fatizo, iracitsemo ibice igabanywa muri n-hexane, nubundi bwoko butandukanye bwamavuta ya solvent. Akarusho nuko ibikoresho byose bibisi bitandukanijwe kandi bikagabanuka, bigakoresha neza buri gicuruzwa. Ikibi ni uko ishoramari ari rinini kandi ibikoresho bikoreshwa ni byinshi. Icya kabiri, gukosora hanyuma hydrogenation. Nanone byitwa post-hydrogenation, kubijyanye na n-hexane, ibikoresho fatizo byabanje gukatirwa muri hexane itavanze ya 66-69 ya distillation, ubuziranenge bwa hexane ya kijyambere bwateye imbere cyane, kandi kuva itsinda rya fenyl ari bikubiye muri n-hexane, hexane muri hexane itavanze Ibirimo nabyo biriyongera cyane, hanyuma bigakorerwa hydrodebenzene desulfurizasi kugirango bitange n-hexane nziza. Akarusho nuko ishoramari ari rito kandi gukoresha ibikoresho ni bike. Ikibi ni uko igice kidafite amazi kidakoreshwa neza.

Urwego rwo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa bya peteroli bifitanye isano nibirimo ibintu bifatika. Niba urwego rwa distillation rwujuje ibisabwa mubipimo bya tekiniki y'ibicuruzwa, byerekana ko ibikubiye mubintu bikoreshwa byujuje ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe, kandi intera ya distillation ni kimwe mubipimo byiza. Ingingo ya mbere yo guteka: Iyo igitonyanga cya mbere cya kondensate gitonyanga kuva kumpera yumuyoboro wa kondenseri, gusoma termometero bigahita bigaragara. Ingingo yumye: Igitonyanga cyanyuma cyamazi asohoka muri kondenseri icyarimwe namazi yo mumashanyarazi ya disillation ahita ahita. Kuri ubu, gusoma therometero biragaragara ako kanya. Ariko, ntabwo ikubiyemo ibitonyanga cyangwa firime zamazi kurukuta rwa flask ya disillation cyangwa kubikoresho bipima ubushyuhe. Tugomba kuvuga ko ahantu humye atariho haheruka gutekwa, kandi aho gutekera bwa nyuma nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bubaho nyuma y’amazi yose yo hepfo ya flask ya disillation amaze guhumeka. Tugomba kandi gushimangira ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli byose bikomoka kumyanda. Ibisigisigi: Iyo byumye, igice kidatandukanijwe cyitwa ibisigisigi. Urwego rwo gusibanganya: Ubushyuhe buringaniye kuva aho babanje gutekera kugeza aho byumye cyangwa aho byanyuma bitetse, bita intera ya distillation. Ingingo yo gutekesha ntabwo aribwo buryo bwambere bwo guteka, kandi aho guteka nubushyuhe mugihe cyo guteka. Urwego rutetse narwo ntabwo arirwo rugaburo, kandi urwego rutetse nubushyuhe bwo guteka. Gusa nyuma yo guteka, havamo umwuka kugirango ugabanye ibintu byatandukanijwe, bityo intera ya distillation irenze urwego rutetse, kandi umupaka wo hejuru wurwego rutetse hamwe numupaka wo hasi wurwo rugendo birahurirana. Gusa igitekerezo cyibikoresho bisa neza birashobora gusimburwa. Ingingo yo kubora: Gusoma ibipimo bya termometero bihuye nibimenyetso byambere byo kubora ubushyuhe bwamazi mumazi mumashanyarazi. Ijanisha ryo gukira: Ijanisha ryubunini bwa kondensate yagaragaye muri silinderi yakira mugihe witegereje gusoma termometero. Ibisigara by'ijana: Ingano yijana ryamavuta asigaye asigaye muri flask nyuma ya flask ya distillation imaze gukonja. Ijanisha ntarengwa ryo gukira: Bitewe no kurangiza hakiri kare ya distillation kumwanya wangirika, ijanisha rijyanye no kugarura ingano yamazi mumafaranga yakiriwe irandikwa. Ijanisha ryo gukira kwose: Igiteranyo cyijanisha ntarengwa cyo kugarura hamwe nijanisha risigaye. Ihinduka ryijana: Igiteranyo cyo gukira kwijana no gutakaza kwijana. Gutakaza ibice byoroheje: Bivuga igihombo cya volatilisation yicyitegererezo cyimuwe kiva muri silinderi yakira kijya kumashanyarazi, gutakaza umwuka wicyitegererezo mugihe cyo kuyitobora, hamwe no gutakaza ibyuka byumwuka mubyuka mumashanyarazi ya disillation birangiye.

Imurikagurisha ritumizwa mu Bushinwa rizafasha Houston kongera umubano w’ubucuruzi n’Ubushinwa, umuyobozi mukuru w’ubucuruzi muri Houston, muri leta ya Texas muri Amerika, mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana na Xinhua. Horacio Licon, visi perezida w’umuryango w’iterambere ry’ubukungu ukorera mu karere ka Greater Houston, yabwiye Xinhua ko imurikagurisha ari amahirwe akomeye kuri Houston yo gukomeza guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi n’Ubushinwa. Licon ati: "Aya ni amahirwe akomeye yo gukorana n'isoko rikomeye." "Ubushinwa n’ubukungu bwa kabiri mu bukungu ku isi. Ni umufatanyabikorwa wa kabiri mu bucuruzi muri Houston. Ikintu cyose rero kidufasha kongera umubano ni ingenzi kuri twe." Imurikagurisha rya mbere ry’Ubushinwa ryinjira mu mahanga (CIIE) rizaba kuva ku ya 5 kugeza ku ya 10 Ugushyingo i Shanghai, umwe mu mijyi minini mu Bushinwa ku baturage ndetse n’ihuriro ry’imari ku isi. Nk’imurikagurisha rya mbere ku rwego rwa Leta ku rwego mpuzamahanga, CIIE irerekana ihinduka ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa kuva mu mahanga ryerekeza ku kuringaniza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Biteganijwe ko izatanga inkunga ihamye yo kwishyira ukizana mu bucuruzi no kuzamura isi mu bukungu, no gufungura ku isoko isoko ry’Ubushinwa ku isi. Abasesenguzi bemeza ko mu rwego rwo gukumira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ku isi hose, imurikagurisha rihuza n’Ubushinwa bumaze igihe kinini bushakisha inyungu ndetse no guharanira ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. Licon yavuze ko ubu buryo nk'ubwo ari ingenzi rwose muri iki gihe, cyane cyane mu gihe Ubushinwa na Amerika bigenda byiyongera ku bucuruzi. Licon yagize ati: "Tugomba gukomeza kumenya impinduka ziheruka tugomba gukurikiza kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigere ku bakiriya babo." "Aho rero gutakaza agaciro, ndatekereza ko ubu bwoko bw'ibyabaye ari ngombwa muri iki gihe." Ukwezi gutaha, Licon azerekeza muri Shanghai, ayoboye itsinda ryintumwa 15 zihagarariye ibigo 12, bikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye nkikoranabuhanga, inganda, ingufu n’ibikoresho. Licon yavuze ko ashaka gushakisha no gusobanukirwa byinshi mu bucuruzi mu Bushinwa akoresheje uru rubuga. "Dufite ibyifuzo mu bijyanye no gusobanukirwa no kumva mu buryo butaziguye bagenzi bacu b'Abashinwa ku bikorera ndetse no ku ruhande rwa guverinoma, ubutumwa bujyanye n'ejo hazaza h’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa, uko guverinoma ibona ejo hazaza h’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa n’uburyo Houston izakina a uruhare muri iyo mibanire ", Licon. Licon yavuze ko muri uyu mwaka hizihizwa imyaka 40 politiki y'Ubushinwa ivugurura no gufungura politiki, tubikesha umubano hagati ya Houston n'Ubushinwa. Licon ati: "Nibyo rwose ubwo umubano hagati ya Houston n'Ubushinwa watangiye kuvuga amateka." "Ubwo rero ni umubano mushya kandi niwo mushoramari ukomeye mu by'ubukungu ku masosiyete yacu no ku bikorwa remezo by'ubucuruzi, abakora cyangwa ibyambu cyangwa ibibuga by'indege." Nk’uko Licon abitangaza ngo ubucuruzi bwose hagati ya Houston n'Ubushinwa umwaka ushize bwari miliyari 18.8 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2018, ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi bumaze kugera kuri miliyari 13 z'amadolari. Yavuze ko yiteze ko umubare uzakomeza kwiyongera. Licon ati: "Turateganya kuzamuka muri 2018 muri rusange." "Ni inkuru nshya. Dufite icyo dutanga. Kubwibyo, iyi nkuru iheruka izakomeza gutera imbere kandi byibuze imibare irerekana inkuru nziza." Licon yizeye gushimangira ubufatanye hagati ya Houston n'Ubushinwa. Yavuze ko Houston afite ubucuruzi buringaniye cyane n'Ubushinwa nk'umujyi. Yizera ko amasosiyete menshi yo mu Bushinwa ashobora kuza agakoresha ibikoresho byose bihari. Licon ati: "Turimo gushaka uburyo bwo gukomeza ubufatanye no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu buryo bukorera impande zose."